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Images of the Sun takenby the
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer


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The TRACE images may be used without restrictions in publications of any kind. We appreciate an acknowledgement indicating that the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer, TRACE, is a mission of the Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research, and part of the NASA Small Explorer program. More information on TRACE and other TRACE images can be found here.
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More to come
This TRACE 171Å image shows a sizeable active region at the east limb of the Sun (rotated clockwise 90 degrees so north is to the right) just as it rotates onto Earth-facing hemisphere. Notice the low-lying dark structures of filaments at the leading edge of the region, some 'levitating' dark material on the right-hand side of the region, and the small ephemeral region towards the lower right. This region was the source of several B and C-class flares on the day of observation (2006/11/08 at 03:01:02 UT) and on the day before, including some coronal mass ejections.
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AR10961 in 171Å
The image shows NOAA Active Region 10961 as observed by TRACE in its 171Å passband at 05:14:32 UT on June 29, 2007 (showing a 768x768 pixel field of view). This region is characteristic of a mature, quiescent region: many relatively cool loops (around 1 million Kelvin) connect the two polarities, arching high over the hotter interior, which reveals itself in this TRACE image only because of the brightly mottled transition region emission (commonly called 'moss') in the interior of the region. The 171Å image shows an EUV-dark region to the west (right) of the active region. This dark region appears to comprise to very different components: The south-pointing spur is likely a filament, i.e., a region of relatively dense and cool gas that absorbs, rather than emits, EUV emission; this filament is rather weak, however, as can be seen in this H-alpha image. The dark region directly westward of the leading sunspot, however, appears to be associated with a coronal hole, i.e., a region where the magnetic field is open to the heliosphere, from which the solar wind flows into interplanetary space. This is supported by the potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model. In this image, the closed field lines are shown in white on a TRACE 1024x1024 pixel image taken at 15:17:45 UT, while open field lines are shown in purple.

TRACE image courtesy of Antonia Savcheva (SAO).
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AR loop activation; 2007/07/18; 171Å
On 2007/07/18, TRACE observed a relatively small active region in its 171Å pass band (image rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise; a 512x512 pixel cutout is shown at full resolution, with about 350 km per pixel). Around 17UT, part of the coronal field activated, as shown in this (10MB) quicktime movie spanning roughly an hour of solar observations. But it did not affect the corona around it very much: the surrounding magnetic fields shows little, if any, change. Movie courtesy of Trish Jibben (SAO).
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AR10961 in white-light
AR10961 in 171&ARing;
This (3MB) white-light movie shows the evolution of a small sunspot with surrounding pores, as observed by TRACE in its white-light channel for almost a full week (from 2007/06/29 05:40 UT through 2007/07/04 22:44 UT). There are a train of satellite pores moving away from the main spot(s), even as light bridges form and segments of the umbra separate from the residual spot. Despite all that activity, there were no substantial flares, and the GOES X-ray level remained mostly under A. A coronal snapshot, taken in the 171Å channel at 2007/07/03 03:37 UT, is shown above; the corresponding white-light image to the left was taken 6 seconds later. Images and movie courtesy Aki Takeda (MSU).
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AR10960  in 171Å on 2007/06/14 at 00:28UT
Tens of intertwined arches appear in the last glimpse of NOAA Active Region 10960, which spruced up the previously-bare Sun with several small flares. A river of cold plasma, shown as a black band underneath the central arch, seems to connect the roiling active region to a patch of quiet Sun. The central arch spans some 300,000 kilometers, which is about 3/4 of the distance between the Earth and its Moon. The image was taken on 2007/06/14 at 00:28 UT in the TRACE 171Å channel. Courtesy Monica Bobra (SAO).
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M8.9 flare in AR10690 in 171Å
M8.9 flare in AR10690 in 1600Å M8.9 flare in AR10690 (difference image)
Even with the Sun in the minimum of its activity cycle, major flares do occur: NOAA Active Region 10690 produced multiple M-class flares and a series of lesser flares. The image to the left shows the M8.9 flare on June 4, 2007, observed in the 171Å passband: it shows the brightened set of loops that wrap around each other in the north-eastern part of the active region (see a short movie in the TRACE flare catalog for 2007); unfortunately, TRACE did not observe the initial phase of the flare, as the spacecraft was then behind the Earth.

The middle image shows a 1600Å image of the transition region: bright regions are seen at the base of the complex flaring loop system on both of its ends on the solar surface. The third image, a difference image of the first two, shows this clearly: the EUV-bright loops (here dark) end in the UV-bright areas).

The above images are 600x600 pixel cutouts of the 1024x1024 images, shown at the full resolution of 0.50 arcseconds per pixel. Flare images courtesy Aki Takeda (MSU); the TRACE flare catalog is maintained by Trish Jibben (SAO).
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Eruption in AR10956
On May 23, 2007, TRACE observed an eruption in NOAA Active Region 10956: the 4MB QT movie shows how a segment of a filament appears to be squeezed out from one side of a loop arcade (this 171Å movie covers the period from 7 UT to 8 UT). Notice how the arcade's southern end moves slightly northward during the eruption, to relax to essentially its pre-eruptions state immediately afterward. Courtesy of Dawn Myers (GSFC).
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A comparison of Hinode/XRT and TRACE/171Å
The Hinode X-Ray Telescope is mostly sensitive to light emitted by hotter gases in the solar outer atmosphere than the TRACE channels. The image on the left is a comparison of an XRT image of an active region (left) and a TRACE 171Å image of that same region. The five arrows in each of the panels point to corresponding locations on the Sun; notice how fans of bright loops in one image correspond to dark regions in the other, and how many of the hotter loops seen in XRT end in bright 'moss' regions seen in the TRACE image. Image courtesy Leon Golub (SAO). See also this comparison for 2006/11/01.
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AR10953 in 195Å
During cycle minimum, there are very few active regions. Here is an image of the only such region visible on the disk on 2007/04/27: Active REgion 10953. Image courtesy of Dawn Myers (at GSFC).
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A tired active region near the limb in 171Å
On March 13, 2007, TRACE observed a small active region near the west limb of the Sun in its 171Å passband. This (7.5 MB) QT movie shows the region for half a day, with roughly one exposure per minute. There was no flaring on that day that brought the GOES X-ray flux above A3, characteristically low for the Sun near cycle minimum. But that does not mean that nothing happens in this region: notice the many cool, dark sprays and surges as the chromosperic plasma responds to the evolution of the Sun's magnetic field, and notice how rapidly the coronal bright loops above the surface evolve both in brightness and in position. Entry suggested by Antonia Savcheva (SAO).
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Other TRACE images in this collection:
Set 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.




See also a collection of images related to the Sun, other cool stars, and solar-terrestrial effects

 

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