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Images of the Sun taken by the
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer


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The TRACE images may be used without restrictions in publications of any kind. We appreciate an acknowledgement indicating that the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer, TRACE, is a mission of the Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research, and part of the NASA Small Explorer program. More information on TRACE and other TRACE images can be found here.
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TRACE FDM 1600Å on 2008/05/22
With the Sun persisting in a near-minimal state of activity, only a few small regions of some activity are seen on the disk. Otherwise, as in this image taken by TRACE in its UV bandpass centered on 1600Å, on 2008/05/22 just after midnight, only the quiet-Sun network shows up. The cell-like appearance is formed by the multitude of small clusters of magnetic flux that are collected in the downflow regions of the supergranular network of convective motions. For the full 5120 x 5120 pixel mosaic, click here.
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TRACE 195Å - new cycle region
TRACE observed one of the first substantial magnetic bipolar regions of the new solar cycle 24 to appear in the southern hemisphere of the Sun. As usual for solar minimum, the region was small and not very bright, and did not cause any flare. In fact, it was so small that it did not have a sunspot, and not even any of the much smaller magnetic pores; so technically, we should not call it an 'active region.' The (4.5MB QuickTime) movie shows about 15 hours in the life of this active region on May 7, 2008. Note the dynamic behavior of the loops near the core: their configuration and brightness is always changing. Courtesy Paolo Grigis (SAO).
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Small AR on 2008/04/16 in 171Å
On 2008/04/16, TRACE observed a small active region and its surrounding quiet Sun. this (1.2 MB) MPEG movie shows a 75 min. interval (from 10:00 UT to 11:15 UT) of the evolution of the corona. Notice how the corona north of the active region darkens, possibly because the field reconnects and the plasma on it either expands or changes in temperature. To the left of the active region, a small eruption occurs as a much smaller bipole (an "ephemeral region") emerges from below. The two events happen at the same time, and one wonders about cause and consequence. Courtesy of Kathy Reeves (SAO).
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Limb with AR10988 behind it
Limb with AR10988 behind it Limb with AR10988 behind it Limb with AR10988 behind it Limb with AR10988 behind it

Active Region 10988 still shows up in the coronal images, even though it has rotated behind the solar limb in these images taken on 2008/04/07 around 11:20 UT (rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise, and trimmed to 800x800 pixels). In front of it is a small filament, that absorbs the EUV radiation in the (yellow) 171Å image and in the (green) 195Å image. As expected, nothing shows up in the (bright yellow) visible light and (red) 1550Å and 1600Å images.

Images courtesy Dawn Myers (GSFC).
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AR10988 in 171Å
AR10988 in 1600Å AR10988 in 195Å

These images of Active Region 10988 in the 171Å, 1600Å, and 195Å passbands of TRACE were taken on 2008/03/31 at 7:05, 7:17, and 7:18 UT, respectively. The (yellow) 171Å images shows a set of well-defined, relatively cool (1 MK) coronal loops arching over and around the active region. Over the central parts of the region the plasma is too hot to show up well in the 171Å EUV channel, and we see only their lower ends, the so-called transition region, forming a pattern known as 'moss'. The moss in the trailing (left) polarity shows an unusual pattern of 'bubbles', not commonly seen. We think this is because the density of magnetic concentrations is relatively low (compare the central, red, 1600Å image) and somehow because of the 92 sec. exposure time - the other images with exposure times below 55 sec. do not show the bubbles. This is intriguing enough to deserve further attention ....

Courtesy Samaiyah Farid (SAO).
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3 ARs observed by TRACE in 171Å
With the solar cycle well into its 11th year and a deep minimum, the Sun still sports active regions, all part of the magnetic collective of the 'old' (i.e., preceding) cycle, and therefore all rather close to the solar equator. This composite shows three successive regions that populated the Sun briefly together in an otherwise very quiet period: AR 10987 observed on 03/27/2008 at 02:10:17 UT; AR 10988 on 03/30/2008 at 12:30:30; and AR 10989 on 03/28/2008 at 14:08:49, all in the TRACE 171Å passband.

Image courtesy of Antonia Savcheva (SAO).
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South polar region in 171Å
This images (rotated by 180 degrees) of the solar south pole (covered by an extended coronal hole during the cycle minimum phase), was taken by TRACE in its 171Å passband on 2008/03/17 at 05:38:47 UT. It summarizes a couple of the current questions on the origin of 'polar plumes'. It is easy to see the plumes generated by the nice loops on the upper right corner, and we can see a stream of high density plasma likely powered by magnetic reconnection of the open field with the emerging closed loop. The best-defined plume on the image is the one left of center, with a clearly defined structure, but no clear base structure. Why do some plumes have bright footpoints while others do not? Courtesy Samaiyah Farid (SAO).
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X2.3 flare at 2000/11/24 14:51UT
X1.8 flare at 2000/11/24 21:43UT

Sometimes solar flares occur successively in the same region and evolve in a very similar manner. Such flares are called "homologous flares". An example of two such homologous flares is shown in these TRACE 1600Å images. The image on the left shows AR 9236 at 2000/11/24 15:17 UT during an X2.3 flare that started at 14:51UT. The image on the righ was taken at 22:02 and shows the region during an X1.8 flare that started at 21:43UT. The similarity in flare pattern, evolution, and even peak brightness in soft X-rays shows that the earlier flares did not exhaust all the available energy, nor did it permanently deform the active-region's magnetic field.

Note: a third X-class flare (X2.0) occurred earlier (at 04:55 UT) at the same location. These flares were described in a study by Takasaki et al. published in ApJ 613, 592 (2004).
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Small AR in 171Å on 2008/02/12
With the Sun near cycle minimum, there are very few substantial active regions. But that does not mean that there is no activity: This (2.7MB) QuickTime movie shows a small active region (too small to even be given a NOAA designation number, and without sunspots) obsered on 2008/02/12 from 00:43 UT to 18:51 UT. Even this small regions exhibits multiple flaring (too small to be noticed in the disk-integrated signal of the GOES monitoring spacecraft) in this time interval. At least twice the corona around the region is disrupted and a 'coronal dimming' occurs. The most notable one starts around 9:10 UT towards the north. Image and movie courtesy of Aki Takeda (MSU).
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Lunar occultation on 2008/02/07 in 1600Å
This 16MB movie, taken by TRACE in its 1600&ARing; passband, shows one of the three lunar transits observed on 2007/02/08. The movie (a 512 by 512 pixel cutout of the full field of view) shows the Moon first obscuring part of the solar image at 03:33 UT. Even though the Moon moves rather rapidly, causing some blurring of the lunar edge druing the 0.9s exposures, some of the mountains on the Moon can be seen in the image (see also the image to the left, taken at 03:33:37 UT). Note that when the Moon has moved out TRACE's field of view, the satellite's pointing drifts southward. This is because the Moon continues to cover part of the solar limb; even though this happens outside of the TRACE field of view, the guide telescope cannot see the entire solar limb, causing the satellite to lose lock on its target. As soon as the Moon moves off the Sun altogether, at 03:49 UT, TRACE resumes its pointing to the pre-transit location.
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Other TRACE images in this collection:
Set 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33.




See also a collection of images related to the Sun, other cool stars, and solar-terrestrial effects

 

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